History Department - UN Goals: Gender Equality

5.1 End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere

5.2 Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation

5.3 Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation

5.4 Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate

5.5 Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decisionmaking in political, economic and public life

5.6 Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences

5.A Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws

5.B Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women

5.C Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all levels

A 1982 cartoon by Kate Salley Palmer satirizing opponents of the Equal Rights Amendment and gender stereotypes.

Palmer, Salley Kate, “Equal Rights Amendment,” Digital Public Library of America, http://dp.la/item/740cddbd5234d594a2082a1781c07543.

Courtesy of University of South Carolina, South Carolina Political Collections via South Carolina Digital Library.

A 1982 cartoon by Kate Salley Palmer satirizing shifting gender roles in relation to the Equal Rights Amendment.

Palmer, Salley Kate, “Equal Rights Amendment,” Digital Public Library of America, http://dp.la/item/e5c375f9c0e73a9861d6ba0655d4cfe5.

Courtesy of University of South Carolina, South Carolina Political Collections via South Carolina Digital Library.​​​​​​

Gender equality and the empowerment of women

Labadi, Sophia. “Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women.” Rethinking Heritage for Sustainable Development, UCL Press, 2022, pp. 135–63. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv280b66f.11. Accessed 27 Sep. 2022.

What have women done with the vote?

Creel, George. What Have Women Done with the Vote. The Century Magazine; Ella Strong Denison Library; Claremont Colleges Digital Library, 1914. JSTOR, https://jstor.org/stable/community.31048798. Accessed 27 Sep. 2022.

• Globally,750 million women and girls were married before the age of 18 and at least 200 million women and girls in 30 countries have undergone FGM.
• The rates of girls between 15-19 who are subjected to FGM (female genital mutilation) in the 30 countries where the practice is concentrated have dropped from 1 in 2 girls in 2000 to 1 in 3 girls by 2017.
• In 18 countries, husbands can legally prevent their wives from working; in 39 countries, daughters and sons do not have equal inheritance rights; and 49 countries lack laws protecting women from domestic violence.
• One in five women and girls, including 19 percent of women and girls aged 15 to 49, have experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner within the last 12 months. Yet, 49 countries have no laws that specifically protect women from such violence.
• While women have made important inroads into political office across the world, their representation in national parliaments at 23.7 percent is still far from parity.
• In 46 countries, women now hold more than 30 percent of seats in national parliament in at least one chamber.
• Only 52 percent of women married or in a union freely make their own decisions about sexual relations, contraceptive use and health care.
• Globally, women are just 13 percent of agricultural landholders.
• Women in Northern Africa hold less than one in five paid jobs in the non-agricultural sector. The proportion of women in paid employment outside the agriculture sector has increased from 35 percent in 1990 to 41 percent in 2015.
• More than 100 countries have taken action to track budget allocations for gender equality.
• In Southern Asia, a girl’s risk of marrying in childhood has dropped by over 40per cent since 2000.