Passive Transport - Transport of molecules that occurs as a result of the random movement of particles, so that there is a net movement from a higher to a lower concentration. Passive transport does not require energy.
Active Transport - Active transport is a process that is required to move molecules against a concentration gradient. Active transport requires energy.
Barbara Ann Halkier, Deyang Xu, The ins and outs of transporters at plasma membrane and tonoplast in plant specialized metabolism,
Natural Product Reports, Volume 39, Issue 7, 2022, Pages 1483-1491, ISSN 0265-0568,
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265056823000156)
For plants to take up mineral ions, ions are moved into root hairs, where they are in a higher concentration than in the dilute solutions in the soil. Active transport then occurs across the root so that the plant takes in the ions it needs from the soil around it.
In animals, glucose molecules have to be moved across the gut wall into the blood. The glucose molecules in the intestine might be in a higher concentration than in the intestinal cells and blood – for instance, after a sugary meal – but there will be times when glucose concentration in the intestine might be lower.
All the glucose in the gut needs to be absorbed. When the glucose concentration in the intestine is lower than in the intestinal cells, movement of glucose involves active transport. The process requires energy produced by respiration.
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Sweadner, Kathleen J., PhD., and Stanley M. Goldin PhD. "Active Transport of Sodium and Potassium Ions." The New England journal of medicine, vol. 302, no. 14 1980, pp. 777-783. ProQuest; eLibrary, https://explore.proquest.com/elibrary/document/1868766664?accountid=147606, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198004033021404.
This video explores the types of passive and active cell transport. Transport types covered include simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
Time-stamped Table of Contents Intro 00:00 Importance of Cell Membrane for Homeostasis 0:41 Cell Membrane Structure 1:07 Simple Diffusion 1:45 What does it mean to "go with the concentration gradient?" 2:20 Facilitated Diffusion 2:38 Active Transport 4:53 (including endocytosis 5:36 exocytosis 6:36)