BIOLOGY 9H (Diffusion & Osmosis): APA Citation Guide

Before you cite a source, make sure it passes the CRAAP Test and is a worthy source for your project.

Basic Format for a Book:

• Reference List: Authors' Last name, First Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle. (Edition) [if other than the 1st]. Publisher.

• In-text: (Author, Year)

   ~ ​Book with Two Authors:

• Reference List: Miller, T. E., & Schuh, J. H. (2005). Promoting reasonable expectations: Aligning student and institutional views of the college experience. Jossey-Bass.

• In-text: (Miller & Schuh, 2005)
  *for more than two authors (3 or more), list only the first author’s name followed by “et al.” in every citation, even the first, unless doing so would create ambiguity between different sources. Example: (Kernis et al., 1993)

Basic format for an eBook:

• Reference List: Author's Last name, First Initial. (Year). Book title [format of book]. Publisher. URL 

• In-text: (Author, Year)

  ~ Example:

• Reference List: Brock, J., & Arciuli, J. (2014). Communication in autism [eBook edition]. John Benjamins Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4806-2

• In-text: (Brock & Arciuli, 2014)

Basic Format for a Print Journal Article: 

• Last name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Article title. Magazine/Journal/Newspaper Title, Volume number(Issue number), Page numbers of the entire article.

   ~ Example:

• Newman, J. L., Fuqua, D. R., Gray, E. A., & Simpson, D. B. (2006). Gender differences in the relationship of anger and depression in a clinical sample. Journal of Counseling & Development, 84, 157-161.

Basic Format for an Online Journal Article:

• Author’s Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Article title. Magazine/Journal/Newspaper Title, Volume number(Issue number), Page numbers. doi or URL of publication home page

Basic Format for a Print Article: 

• Last name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Article title. Magazine/Journal/Newspaper Title, Volume number(Issue number), Page numbers of the entire article.

   ~ Magazine Article:

•  White, C. (2006, April). The spirit of disobedience: An invitation to resistance. Harper's Magazine, 312(1871), 31-40.